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READ.ME
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1992-04-10
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BuckySpin program by David Blair Parker, 3-D images by Janine Adler Parker
Buckminsterfullerenes, or fullerenes, are molecules made up of carbon atoms.
The most common fullerene is the buckyball, which consists of 60 carbon atoms
arranged at vertices of a truncated tetrahedron, or soccer ball (European
football). All fullerenes have an even number of carbon atoms, arranged in the
form of a closed shell of pentagons and hexagons. Every fullerene has exactly
twelve pentagonal faces.
In addition to fullerenes, BuckySpin displays platonic solids, truncated
platonic solids, and shapes made by connecting vertices of reciprocal platonic
solids.
BuckySpin is shareware. Feel free to make copies for your friends. If you
like BuckySpin, or if you would like information about other Acrobits products,
write your name and address on a sheet of paper, and wrap it around a $1 bill
(and a first class postage stamp, if you happen to have one handy). Mail to:
BuckySpin at Acrobits
PO Box 26871
Salt Lake City UT 84126-0871
BuckySpin is a special version of our commercial software named AcroSpin.
AcroSpin can display .ACD files of your own making. AcroSpin comes complete
with an interactive tutorial and a manual describing the .ACD file format.
Below you will find: references; a list of the fullerenes displayed;
descriptions of the geometric solids; information about the BuckySpin program;
and comments.
REFERENCES
"Buckyballs: Wide Open Playing Field for Chemists."
Science, vol. 254, p.1706 (20 December 1991).
Robert F. Curl and Richard E. Smalley
"Fullerenes"
Scientific American, vol. 265, p.54 (October 1991)
H. W. Kroto
"The Stability of the fullerenes Csub(n), with n= 24, 28, 32, 36, 50, 60
and 70" Nature, vol. 329, p. 529 (8 October 1987)
Buckyspin displays the following fullerenes:
BUCKY60 Csub(60), the buckyball
FULLER70 Csub(70)
FULLER58 Csub(58)
FULLER50 Csub(50)
FULLER44 Csub(44)
FULLER28 Csub(28)
DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOMETRIC FIGURES:
Platonic solids:
-- tetrahedron 4 vertices 6 edges 4 triangular faces
-- cube 8 vertices 12 edges 6 square faces
-- octahedron 6 vertices 12 edges 8 triangular faces
-- dodecahedron 20 vertices 30 edges 12 pentagonal faces
-- icosahedron 12 vertices 30 edges 20 triangular faces
Truncated platonic solids:
-- BUCKY60 truncated icosahedron
60 vertices 90 edges 20 hexagonal faces 12 pentagonal faces
-- DODEDEC truncated dodecahedron
60 vertices 90 edges 12 decagonal faces 20 triangular faces
-- HEXAOCT truncated cube
24 vertices 36 edges 6 octagonal faces 8 triangular faces
-- OCTAHEX truncated octahedron
24 vertices 36 edges 8 hexagonal faces 6 square faces
-- TETRAHEX truncated tetrahedron
12 vertices 18 edges 4 hexagonal faces 4 triangular faces
Reciprocal platonic solids:
-- TETRATET reciprocal tetrahedrons
an octahedron connects the points of intersection
a cube connects the vertices
-- OCTACUBE intersecting cube and octahedron
connecting the points of intersection:
12 vertices 24 edges 6 square faces 8 triangular faces
rhombic dodecahedron (connecting the vertices)
6 four-edge vertices 8 three-edge vertices 24 edges 12 faces
-- ICOSADOD intersection of icosahedron and dodecahedron
connecting the points of intersection:
30 vertices 45 edges 12 pentagonal faces 20 triangular faces
rhombic triacontahedron (connecting the vertices)
12 five-edge vertices 20 three-edge vertices 60 edges 30 faces
ABOUT THE BUCKYSPIN PROGRAM
BuckySpin dynamically rotates, translates, and scales 3-D wire frame objects
and point clouds. Written entirely in assembler language, BuckySpin runs on
the IBM PCJr, PC, PC XT, PC AT, PS/2, and 100% compatible machines. The amount
of free memory required by BuckySpin depends on the complexity of the objects
you wish to display; the minimum amount is about 80K. The display adapters
that BuckySpin supports are the IBM PCJr, the IBM Color Graphics Adapter, the
IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter, the IBM Multicolor Graphics Array, the IBM Video
Graphics Array (the latter two are standard on the IBM PS/2's), the Hercules
Graphics Card, and 100% compatible adapters. BuckySpin requires DOS 2.1 or
later.
For more details, press H for help inside BuckySpin.
COMMENTS
Turning off some of the layers, using the L key, will render these pictures
more pleasing to the eye. The comments in the .ACD files list the colors and
layer numbers of different parts of the pictures. Using a slower rotation
speed helps. The Q key toggles between two rotation speeds. You can use the F
and G keys to change either or both speeds. Press H for help inside BuckySpin
for complete instructions.
I've tried to use consistent layer numbers in the various files. For the
fullerenes, the atoms are displayed as layer 3, the pentagons as layer 1, and
all other bonds as layer 2. FULLER44 and FULLER28 have a tetrahedral symmetry,
so I've drawn a tetrahedron as layer 0. In each truncated platonic solid, the
original solid is layer 0, the edges of the faces formed by the truncation are
layer 1, and the connecting edges are layer 2. The reciprocal platonic solids
are layers 1 and 2, the solid formed from their points of intersection is layer
3, and the solid formed by connecting their vertices is layer 4.
You may find that the figures with dodecahedral or icosahedral symmetry appear
to change their direction of rotation even when you are not playing with the
keyboard. This is an optical illusion.